Vegetation canopy reflectance modeling—recent developments and remote sensing perspectives∗

The modeling of the directional reflectance of vegetation canopies and vegetation‐covered surfaces has been a highly active field in remote sensing within the past decade. Recent developments have refined physical models of directional reflectance; added coupled atmospheric models; included invertible models; and produced new, semiempirical models. Although models are well‐formulated, more validation datasets are needed. For the EOS era, invertible models that provide useful information for global change studies are most desirable.