≥ 0.9989), acceptable LOD and LOQ values, high accuracy and precision (%RSD < 15%; <20% at LOQ), and good repeatability (%RSD < 2%). Application of the validated method showed that HIS, VER, and ISO were successfully quantified in SF, with HIS identified as the dominant constituent. In the SF-DMN formulation, all three compounds exhibited high recovery values (96-99%), indicating efficient encapsulation and formulation stability. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed controlled and sustained drug release, while skin retention analysis confirmed the presence of all compounds within skin tissue after permeation. Overall, the validated UV-Vis spectrophotometric method is reliable and suitable for routine analysis and supports the development of Sesewanua-based dissolving microneedle systems for transdermal drug delivery.
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Sapiun et al. (2026) studied this question.
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