Concept of Sira in Sushruta Samhita: A Review With Modern Anatomical Correlation

The Sushruta Samhita, one of the Brihattrayi (the three principal classical texts of Ayurveda), is regarded as the foremost authority on surgical science and is especially renowned for its detailed exposition of Sharira (Śārire Suśrutaḥ Śreṣṭhaḥ). It provides a comprehensive description of Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas, clearly distinguishing their characteristics and functions. However, the term Sira is used in different contexts to denote blood vessels and, in certain instances, nerves, making its precise anatomical interpretation challenging when compared with modern anatomy. Hence, a systematic review is required to establish a clearer understanding of the concept. Aim and Objectives: (1) To identify and compile all references related to Sira in the Sushruta Samhita. (2) To analyze the concept of Sira described in the text and correlate it with modern anatomical structures. Methods: Relevant references from classical Ayurvedic literature, particularly the Sushruta Samhita, along with modern anatomy textbooks, were reviewed and critically analyzed to understand the anatomical concept of Sira. Observations: Numerous scattered references related to Sira were identified in both Ayurvedic classics and modern anatomical literature. Conclusion: Based on the textual analysis, the concept of Sira described in the Sushruta Samhita can be correlated with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and certain neural structures recognized in modern anatomy.