Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Surface Alteration Induced by Different Root Biomodification Agents: An in-Vitro Comparative Study

Successful periodontal regeneration requires the establishment of a biologically compatible root surface that facilitates the attachment, migration, and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts. Mechanical instrumentation by scaling and root planing (SRP), although considered the gold standard for periodontal debridement, produces a smear layer composed of organic and inorganic debris, microorganisms, endotoxins, and contaminated cementum.[1,2] This smear layer may interfere with cellular attachment and compromise periodontal wound healing.