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In this paper, we report on a three-dimensional beam splitter monolithically integrated in an Nd:YAG laser crystal wafer by applying the direct femtosecond laser writing technique with the photonic-lattice-like cladding approach, capable of 1 to 2 and 1 to 4 beam splitting. Using the pump at 808 nm, 1064-nm splitting lasers with slope efficiencies of 34% and 22% for 1 to 2 and 1 to 4 configurations were realized. This study paves a way to fabricate direct-pump compact laser devices in a single chip for light guiding and beam dividing in Nd:YAG crystals for various photonic applications.
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Jia et al. (2015) studied this question.
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