Key result
Carotid ultrasound identified abnormal findings in 34.8% of Mexican Americans, reclassifying nearly a third of the cohort to high cardiovascular risk despite low 10-year Framingham Risk Scores.
Why the study?
Does carotid ultrasound improve cardiovascular risk stratification compared to the 10-year Framingham Risk Score in Mexican Americans?
Cohort (n=141)
Does carotid ultrasound improve cardiovascular risk stratification compared to the 10-year Framingham Risk Score in Mexican Americans?
Carotid ultrasound identifies a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in Mexican Americans classified as low risk by the 10-year Framingham Risk Score, suggesting 30-year risk models or imaging may improve risk stratification.
cIMT/plaque assessment may refine FRS-based risk in Mexican Americans; leaves open whether it improves outcome prediction or warrants routine use.
BACKGROUND: Framingham risk scores (FRS) were validated in a mostly Caucasian population. Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid ultrasound may improve ascertainment of risk in nonwhite populations. This study aimed to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaquing among Mexican Americans, and to correlate these markers with coronary risk factors and the FRS. METHODS/RESULTS: Participants (n = 141) were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. Carotid artery ultrasound was performed and cIMT measured. Carotid plaque was defined as areas of thickening >50% of the thickness of the surrounding walls. Mean age was 53.1 ± 11.7 years (73.8% female). Most were overweight or obese (88.7%) and more than half (53.2%) had the metabolic syndrome. One third (34.8%) had abnormal carotid ultrasound findings (either cIMT ≥75th percentile for gender and age or presence of plaque). Among those with abnormal carotid ultrasound, the majority were classified as being at low 10-year risk for cardiovascular events. Carotid ultrasound reclassified nearly a third of the cohort as being at high risk. This discordance between 10-year FRS and carotid ultrasound was noted whether risk was assessed for hard coronary events or global risk. Concordance between FRS and carotid ultrasound findings was best when long-term (30-year) risk was assessed and no subject with an abnormal carotid ultrasound was categorized as low risk by the 30-year FRS algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: Integration of carotid ultrasound findings to coronary risk assessments and use of longer term prediction models may provide better risk assessment in this minority population, with earlier initiation of appropriate therapies.
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Laing et al. (2012) conducted a cohort in Subclinical atherosclerosis (n=141). Carotid ultrasound (cIMT and carotid plaquing) vs. 10-year Framingham Risk Score was evaluated on Abnormal carotid ultrasound findings (cIMT ≥75th percentile for gender and age or presence of plaque). Carotid ultrasound identified abnormal findings in 34.8% of Mexican Americans, reclassifying nearly a third of the cohort to high cardiovascular risk despite low 10-year Framingham Risk Scores.
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