Integrated Proteomic, Bioinformatic and qRT-PCR Analyses Reveal ANXA2 and ENO1 as Key Molecular Targets of Anisomeles malabarica in Breast Cancer

: Breast cancer is a major health issue in India, with high mortality rates among middle-aged women as the current treatments are limited due to adverse side effects. This highlights the need for alternative strategies to address the limitations. This study investigates the anticancer properties of Anisomeles malabarica ( A. malabarica ) methanolic extract against MCF7 breast cancer cells using cytotoxicity assays, proteomic profiling, bioinformatic analysis and gene expression. The results exhibited cytotoxic activity with an IC 50 value of 219.62 μg/ml. The proteomic analysis revealed 20 protein spots that were significantly regulated upon treatment. Among these, Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and Enolase 1 (ENO1) were selected using bioinformatic tools for further validation. The Q-PCR confirmed that both genes were downregulated since ANXA2 and ENO1 are key drivers of cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Their suppression suggests that A. malabarica methanolic extract disrupts critical pathways of breast cancer progression. These findings offer preliminary evidence to support A. malabarica extract as a source for new therapeutic alternatives, and should be further explored to elicit the mechanism of action and pathway analysis.