Optimizing Neurodevelopment in Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with multiple morbidities, including neurodevelopmental impairment. This association is multifactorial and further complicated by prolonged hospital stays during a critical period of rapid brain growth. Despite the well-established link between neurodevelopmental impairment and BPD, a gap in the literature exists regarding strategies to optimize these outcomes. In this review, we summarize current evidence on neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with BPD and examine how clinical management may impact these outcomes. We also provide practical recommendations for caring for patients with BPD in the neonatal intensive care unit, emphasizing neurodevelopmental approaches and incorporating the parent perspective.