Melamine Formaldehyde Fibers: A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Applications in Fire Fighting Suits, and Future Perspectives

The invention of fire‐resistant clothing has been more significant since the increase in protective clothing in fire‐prone and other high‐temperature zones. Conventional fabrics, in most cases, do not have the required resistance to flame and heat, which necessitates the use of other materials that have better thermal characteristics. Aramids (Nomex, Kevlar etc.) are inherently fire resistant (FR) fabrics that are widely employed in personal protection equipment. Melamine formaldehyde (MF) fibers have come into the limelight in that regard due to their inherent FR properties, high char‐forming capacity, and resistance to thermal degradation. The present review is a summary of the chemical properties, thermal behavior, and flame retardancy of MF fibers. This review also analyzes their relative merits compared to the traditional FR substances and looks into their compliance with the established safety laws on fire. Lastly, the paper identifies areas where future research could improve the design and application.