Identifies state, input, and output variables in differential-algebraic equations, highlighting their dynamics.
We consider linear time-invariant differential–algebraic equations in both finite and infinite dimensions. Utilizing the theory of state/signals systems, we identify which variables are states, which variables are inputs and which variables are outputs and describe the dynamics though a standard input/state/output system.
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Opmeer et al. (2026) studied this question.
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