Protein-Level and Proteomics-Supported Signatures of Human CD4+ Regulatory T Cells: Evidence, Tissue Context, and Translational Readiness in Aging and Age-Associated Disease
Narrative review evaluates Treg signatures' role in aging and disease, highlighting research gaps.
Key Points
This review investigates the identification of CD4+ regulatory T cell signatures, highlighting challenges in recognizing reliable human biomarkers and their relevance in aging and disease.
Evaluated protein-level and proteomics-supported Treg signatures across human and murine studies.
Assessed multiple analytical platforms and validation strategies, including LC-MS/MS and CyTOF.
Explored Treg functionality and heterogeneity in various disease contexts.
Identified pathway-level differences in Treg signaling, metabolism, and lineage protection using human specimens.
Highlighted the need for standardized clinical applications due to lack of validated diagnostic tools.
Showed that while cancer research provides strong evidence, studies in aging and metabolic diseases are exploratory and inconsistent.