Viremic Relapse after HIV-1 Remission in a Perinatally Infected Child

We previously reported the remission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a perinatally infected child — the “Mississippi Child.” After receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 30 hours and 18 months of age, this child had persistently undetectable plasma HIV-1 viremia for 12 months in the absence of HIV-1–specific immune responses. At the time of the initial case report, it was uncertain whether HIV-1 reservoirs were established that could lead to rebound viremia.