Silicon Nanowires and Lithium Cobalt Oxide Nanowires in Graphene Nanoribbon Papers for Full Lithium Ion Battery

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Described here is the production and characterization of a scalable method to produce 3D structured lithium ion battery anodes using free‐standing papers of porous silicon nanowires (Si‐NW) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Using simple filtration methods, GNRs and Si‐NWs can be entangled into a mat thereby forming Si‐NW GNR papers. This produces anodes with high gravimetric capacity (up to 2500 mA h g −1 ) and high areal and volumetric capacities (up to 11 mA h cm −2 and 3960 mA h cm− 3 ). The compact structure of the anode is possible since the GNR volume occupies a high proportion of empty space within the composite paper. These Si‐NW/GNR papers have been cycled for over 300 cycles, exhibiting a stable life cycle. Combined with LiCoO 2 nanowires, a full battery is produced with high energy density (386 Wh kg −1 ), meeting requirements for high performance devices.