Key result
Among 198 urban Indian adults, 16.5% had a high (>20%) 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event, with physical inactivity, diabetes, and hypertension identified as significant predictors.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality, but cardiovascular risk estimation studies in India remain limited.
What is the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and predicted 10-year CVD risk among urban adults in a southern Indian city?
Cross-Sectional (n=198)
No
What is the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and predicted 10-year CVD risk among urban adults in a southern Indian city?
A significant proportion of urban adults in southern India have high cardiovascular risk, driven primarily by hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity.
Highlights substantial high-risk burden in urban India; leaves open need for prospective validation of WHO/ISH charts locally.
The global demographic and epidemiological transitions are increasing the burden of non-communicable diseases, with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) being the leading cause of mortality. Due to limited risk estimation studies in India, this study was conducted to address this gap, following the WHO's risk approach for CVD prevention. The aim is to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and predict CVD risk among study subjects using a modified WHO STEPS questionnaire and WHO/ISH risk charts. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a South Indian city from September 2022 to November 2022 with a sample size of 198, using the WHO/ISH risk prediction tool to assess CVD risk factors. Data analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21, using descriptive analysis for baseline demographics, Chi-square tests for associations, and multinomial logistic regression to identify independent CVD risk factors. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (36.9%), obesity (27.8%), dyslipidemia (27.7%), diabetes mellitus (21.7%), low physical activity (15.7%), smoking (13.1%), and alcohol intake (12.1%). Among participants, 16.5% had a high (>20%), 16% had a moderate (10-20%), and 67.5% had a low (<10%) risk of a fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular event in the next 10 years. Risk factors significantly associated with CVD (P<0.05) included age >40 years, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, junk food consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In the multinomial logistic regression model, age, physical inactivity, diabetes, and hypertension were significant predictors for both high and moderate risk. Our study found a higher proportion of participants with high cardiovascular risk, with physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension being significant predictors, and diabetes mellitus having the highest odds. The WHO/ISH chart proved useful for estimating CVD risk in resource-limited settings.
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Gopinath et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease risk (n=198). Cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated on High (>20%) 10-year risk of a fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular event. Among 198 urban Indian adults, 16.5% had a high (>20%) 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event, with physical inactivity, diabetes, and hypertension identified as significant predictors.
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