Critical role of Lyn kinase in inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

The signal pathway for control of apoptosis in human neutrophils is currently unknown. In this study, we provide the first evidence that a Src family tyrosine kinase, Lyn, plays a key role in inhibition polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell death. Several nuclear proteins associated with apoptosis, i.e., p53, cdc2, and Rb, were absent from PMN. Bcl-2, known to inhibit apoptosis, was also not expressed. Programmed cell death that rapidly occurred in PMN could be arrested by granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), but this activation did not induce p53, cdc2, retinoblastoma, or Bcl-2 expression. Instead, GM-CSF produced a rapid activation of Lyn and Hck, but not Fgr, tyrosine phosphorylation within 1 min. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated that only Lyn, but not Hck, was physically coupled to GM-CSF receptor. By histologic assessment and evaluation of DNA fragmentation, only antisense Lyn, but not antisense Hck or antisense Fgr, could reverse the cell survival advantage provided by GM-CSF. Therefore, the physical coupling of Lyn to GM-CSF receptor and its early activation are required for inhibition or delay of apoptosis in PMN.