Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Primary CD4⁺T Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Dendritic Cells by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

We demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) suppress HIV-1 replication in primary lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells individually. Viral inhibition is significantly diminished in lymphocyte-dendritic cell clusters, suggesting that these clusters in vivo could be sites where viral replication is more difficult to control by CTL.