Effective Questions and Questioning: A Research Review

Questioning is considered an influential teaching act because it is the most basic way teachers use to stimulate participation, thinking and learning in the classroom. This research literature review focuses on the effective teaching studies conducted particularly during the past 15 years to determine the impact of teachers' questions and questioning techniques on students' learning outcomes. Eleven questioning practices that correlate positively with achievement are identified from five major reviews and are supported additionally with a sampling of individual research studies. Implications for future research in the social studies are discussed.