The defect structure of hexagonal ice has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent feature is the appearance of large numbers of cavities. The mechanism of the cavity formation is interpreted in terms of the direct displacement of lattice atoms by the electron beam, and subsequent formation and growth of vacancy clusters. Dislocations have also been observed and their properties and nature of interaction with the cavities is described.
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Unwin et al. (1972) studied this question.
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