Key result
A waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.9 was significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in non-diabetic Chinese women (OR 1.39), whereas no such relationship was observed in diabetic women.
Why the study?
Are waist-to-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels, and blood pressure associated with depressive symptoms in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese women?
Cross-Sectional (n=11,908)
Yes
Are waist-to-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels, and blood pressure associated with depressive symptoms in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese women?
Odds Ratio: 1.39 (95% CI 1.07–1.8)
Absolute Event Rate: 8.6% vs 6.9%
p-value: p=0.014
Metabolic risk factors such as high waist-to-hip ratio, elevated total cholesterol, and higher HbA1c are associated with depressive symptoms in non-diabetic Chinese women, but this relationship is not observed in those with diabetes.
Associations limited to non-diabetics; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective studies before clinical consideration.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and waist-to-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels or blood pressure among diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese women. METHODS: 11,908 women aged ≥40 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 2,511 with type 2 diabetes and 9,397 without. Depressive symptoms (defined as having mild-to-severe depressive symptoms) were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic algorithm. The prevalence and the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.9 (8.6%, age-adjusted OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.17, 1.95]), total cholesterol (TC)>6.22 mmol/L (8.8%, 1.58 [1.16, 2.15]), and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.00 mmol/L (7.7%, 1.69 [1.34, 2.14]), while it was significantly lower in non-diabetic subjects with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 80 to 89 mmHg (6.2%, 0.78 [0.64, 0.95]). These relationships remained significant even after controlling for multiple factors (WHR ≥0.9: multivariable-adjusted OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.07, 1.80]; TC>6.22 mmol/L: 1.56 [1.14, 2.12]; HbA1c ≥6.00 mmol/L: 1.64 [1.30, 2.08]; DBP 80-89 mmHg: 0.78 [0.64, 0.95]). However, no significant trend between depressive symptoms and WHC, TC, HbA1c, DBP was observed in diabetic women, and no significant trend relationship between depressive symptoms and BMI, WC, TG, or SBP was observed in both non-diabetic and diabetic women. Moreover, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in previously-diagnosed diabetes, compared with non-diabetic subjects, while no significant differences were observed between newly-diagnosed diabetes and non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a relationship between WHR, TC, HbA1c, DBP and depressive symptoms among non-diabetic women, while no significant relationship between them was observed among diabetic women, even after controlling for multiple confounding factors.
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Zheng et al. (2014) conducted a cross-sectional in Depressive symptoms (n=11,908). Waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.9 vs. Waist-to-hip ratio < 0.80 was evaluated on Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07, 1.80, p=0.014). A waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.9 was significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in non-diabetic Chinese women (OR 1.39), whereas no such relationship was observed in diabetic women.
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