Implementation of Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology in Large Pharma

Quantitative and systems pharmacology concepts and tools are the foundation of the model‐informed drug development paradigm at Merck for integrating knowledge, enabling decisions, and enhancing submissions. Rigorous prioritization of modeling and simulation activities has enabled key drug development decisions and led to a high return on investment through significant cost avoidance. Critical factors for the successful implementation, examples on impact on decision making with associated return of investment, and drivers for continued success are discussed. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol . (2014) 3, e142; doi: 10.1038/psp.2014.40 ; published online 22 October 2014