Key result
Electronic cigarettes are linked to vascular dysfunction, but likely cause less harm than conventional smoking.
Why the study?
Despite the soaring popularity of electronic cigarettes over the last decades, the health effect of smoking electronic cigarettes on the vascular system remains unclear.
Does electronic cigarette use cause adverse vascular effects compared to conventional cigarettes or non-use in human and animal populations?
Systematic Review
Does electronic cigarette use cause adverse vascular effects compared to conventional cigarettes or non-use in human and animal populations?
While often marketed as a safer alternative to conventional smoking, electronic cigarette use still induces significant vascular damage through oxidative stress and inflammation.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May warrant vascular monitoring in e-cigarette users; confirms harm associations but leaves comparative long-term safety versus smoking unresolved.
The popularity of the electronic cigarette has soared in the last decades. However, the health effect of smoking electronic cigarettes on the vascular system is unclear. This systematic review examines the electronic cigarettes' effect on the vascular system from recent evidence. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) database from January 2016 to August 2021 for studies assessing the vascular effect of chronic use of electronic cigarettes on human and animal. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2, NIH Quality Assessment for Cross-Sectional Study, and SYRCLE's Risk of Bias were used to assess the risk of bias in interventional, observational, and animal study, respectively. A narrative synthesis of evidence is provided to describe results. From 101 retrieved studies related to electronic cigarettes effect on the vascular system, a total of 16 studies are included in this review. The overall results indicated that electronic cigarette use is associated with adverse events in the vascular, including the incident of elevated oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, arterial stiffness, and the development of atherosclerotic lesion. Further studies should broaden perspectives and reveal more about the mechanism of how electronic cigarettes impact on vascular system.
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Damay et al. (2022) conducted a systematic review in Electronic cigarette users and animal models. Electronic cigarette use vs. Conventional cigarettes, nonsmokers, or air/saline exposed controls was evaluated on Adverse vascular events (arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis). Electronic cigarette use is associated with adverse vascular events, including elevated oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness, though evidence suggests they may cause less vascular harm than conventional cigarettes.
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