This paper investigates problems associated with multimode oscillation in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The multimode rate equations for transverse mode were formulated. These equations take into account carrier diffusion and gain nonuniformity in the lateral direction. It was shown that multimode transverse mode excitation is due to carrier spatial hole burning, but many factors affect the number of lasing modes. The role of gain nonuniformity distribution, carrier diffusion, and modal loss compared with mirror loss in a cavity were demonstrated by numerical solution of the multimode rate equations.
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Морозов et al. (1997) studied this question.
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