Key result
Elective cardiac surgery acutely reduced handgrip strength by 15.2%, lung function (FEV1) by 41.1%, and the physical component of health-related quality of life compared to pre-operative values.
Why the study?
Handgrip strength, lung function, and health-related quality of life indicate cardiovascular risk and mortality, but the impact of cardiac surgery on these variables has been underexplored.
Does elective cardiac surgery acutely reduce handgrip strength, lung function, and health-related quality of life in adults with cardiac disease?
Cohort (n=101)
Yes
Does elective cardiac surgery acutely reduce handgrip strength, lung function, and health-related quality of life in adults with cardiac disease?
Cardiac surgery acutely and significantly reduces lung function, handgrip strength, and physical quality of life, and handgrip strength is a poor predictor of these post-operative changes.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Acute functional declines post-cardiac surgery warrant close monitoring and rehab planning; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS), lung function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are relevant indicators of future cardiovascular risk and mortality. The impact of cardiac surgery on these predictive variables has been under-explored. The aim of this study was to determine the acute (within hospital) changes in HGS, lung function and HRQoL, and their relationships, in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Further, the study examined the relationship between these variables and the predictors for lung function and HRQoL in these patients. METHODS: The study was a prospective cohort study that involved 101 patients who completed pre-operative (1-2 days before surgery) and physiotherapy discharge (5-7 days after surgery) assessments. Handgrip strength, lung function and HRQoL were assessed using JAMAR dynamometers, Vitalograph-Alpha or EasyOne spirometer, and Short-Form 36 questionnaire, respectively. Changes in these variables and their relationships were analysed using paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Prediction of lung function and HRQoL using HGS and other co-variates was conducted using regression analysis. RESULTS: At the time of physiotherapy discharge, lung function, HGS and the physical component of HRQoL were significantly (<0.001) reduced compared to their pre-operative values. Significant (<0.001) and moderate correlations were identified between HGS and lung function at pre-operation and physiotherapy discharge. Handgrip strength was a significant predictor of lung function pre-operatively but not at physiotherapy discharge. Pre-operative lung function and HRQoL, as well as other variables, were significant predictors of lung function and HRQoL during physiotherapy discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Undergoing cardiac surgery acutely and significantly reduced lung function, HGS and physical component of HRQoL in adults with cardiac disease. Assessment of HGS at physiotherapy discharge may be a poor indicator of operative changes in lung function and HRQoL. Clinicians may consider HGS as an inadequate tool in predicting lung function and HRQoL following cardiac surgery.
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Mgbemena et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Cardiac disease requiring elective surgery (n=101). Elective cardiac surgery vs. Pre-operative baseline was evaluated on Handgrip strength (HGS) in kg (-15.20% change, p=<0.001). Elective cardiac surgery acutely reduced handgrip strength by 15.2%, lung function (FEV1) by 41.1%, and the physical component of health-related quality of life compared to pre-operative values.
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