The History of Recovered People as Wounded Healers

This is the first of a two-part article that outlines the history of men and women who, having recovered from addiction to alcohol and/or other drugs, went on to devote their lives to helping others similarly afflicted. This paper will describe the roles recovered people played in: (1) late 18th and early 19th century Native American cultural revitalization movements; (2) the 19th century temperance movement; (3) 19th century inebriate homes, inebriate asylums and addiction cure institutes; (4) the urban mission movement; (5) the Emmanuel Movement; (6) early alcoholism-focused hospital units, farms and retreats; (7) the Minnesota Model of chemical dependency; and in (8) the birth of industrial alcoholism and halfway house programs.