Key result
Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with an increased risk for ADHD (β = 0.29, p = 0.036) and depression (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) among university students.
Why the study?
Information on modifiable factors related to young adults' poor sleep and associated mental health problems, such as ADHD and depression, is lacking.
Cross-Sectional (n=290)
Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with increased risk for ADHD and depression among university students, with late bedtimes additionally linked to depression.
Association in students is hypothesis-generating; longitudinal studies needed before informing screening or interventions.
Sleep closely relates to emotional instability. Recent studies report an increase in young adults’ poor sleep and associated mental health problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and so on. However, the information on related modifiable factors of these variables is still lacking. This cross-sectional study examined the association of sleep patterns and sleep quality with ADHD and depression in university students. A total of 290 participants aged 18−27 (Mean = 22.0, SD = 2.1) completed a structured questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Adult ADHD, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scales (CES-D). Of the participants, more than half (52.7%) slept 6 to 8 h per night, and 37% slept less than 6 h. Only 10% reported they went to bed before midnight; 40% went to sleep after 2 am. The mean PSQI score was 5.9 (SD = 2.9) for total participants and significantly correlated with ADHD scores and with depression scores. After adjusting for covariates, PSQI significantly aligned with increased risk for ADHD (β = 0.29, p = 0.036) and depression (β = 0.67; p < 0.001). Late bedtime was a significant factor for depression only. Sleep quality rather than sleep pattern significantly related to ADHD scores, whereas both sleep quality and bedtime aligned with depression scores. Additional studies are needed to develop strategic interventions for university students with ADHD and depression as well as underlying mechanisms.
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Kim et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in ADHD and depression (n=290). Poor sleep quality (PSQI score) and late bedtime was evaluated on Risk for ADHD and depression (β = 0.29 for ADHD; β = 0.67 for depression, p=0.036 for ADHD; <0.001 for depression). Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with an increased risk for ADHD (β = 0.29, p = 0.036) and depression (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) among university students.
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