Clinical Epidemiology of Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of 3705 Consecutive Patients Treated at a Level I Trauma Center

BACKGROUND: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries like India, where road traffic injuries (RTIs) dominate. Despite advancements in medical technology, trauma care remains underdeveloped due to resource limitations, inadequate pre-hospital care, and poor compliance with safety measures. This study aimed to analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of trauma patients and develop strategies for effective trauma prevention and management. METHODS: A retrospective review of 3,705 trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center between July 2018 and June 2024 was conducted. Data on demographics, injury mechanisms, triage priority, treatment outcomes, and resource utilization were analyzed. Patients were managed following Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols, with multidisciplinary care and trauma registry utilization. RESULTS: RTIs accounted for 67.3% of cases, with two-wheeler accidents being the most common (84.7%). Males comprised 78.3% of patients, with a mean age of 37.5 years. Alcohol intoxication was present in 41.9% of cases. Head injuries (1663/3705; 44.9%) and polytrauma (719/3705; 19.5%) were prevalent, with a mortality rate of 4.0%. ICU admission was required for 58.4% (n=2165) of patients, and of these, 992 (45.8%) needed mechanical ventilation. Of the 2,111 two-wheeler-related accidents, only 33% (696) wore helmets and of the 201 four-wheeler accidents, seatbelts were worn by only 41% (n=83). Low compliance with helmet and seatbelt use exacerbated injury severity. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the critical need for tighter enforcement of seatbelt and helmet regulations, improved pre-hospital care systems, and improved road safety measures. To lower trauma-related morbidity and mortality in India, it is essential to build trauma registries, strengthen the infrastructure for trauma care, and put evidence-based policies into place.