Leveraging Digital Twins and AI for Enhanced Gearbox Condition Monitoring in Wind Turbines: A Review

Wind power plays a significant role in sustainable energy production, but the reliability of wind turbines depends heavily on the integrity of their gearboxes. Gearbox failures can lead to significant downtime and operational disruption. In this context, this paper provides an overview of the evolution of gearbox monitoring techniques, culminating in the emergence of digital twin (DT) technology. We explore the application of DT technology to gearbox condition monitoring, focusing on two critical components: bearings and gears. This includes a comprehensive review of methodologies involving model-based approaches and data-driven techniques using signal processing (SP) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. We address the challenges of “learning with minimal knowledge” and propose a framework for the effective application of DT technology. Finally, we discuss future research directions and potential contributions to advancing the field of gearbox condition monitoring through the continued development and implementation of DT-based solutions.