In situ data from around the globe are used to evaluate the parameterization of the fraction of soil ice over total moisture (f i ) as used in four weather and climate models. Based on these evaluations and data analysis, an overall realistic (empirical) formulation is developed to compute f i as a function of soil temperature and the ratio of total moisture over its saturated value. This new formulation is found to reduce the winter ground temperature by up to 3 K over high latitudes in the offline Community Land Model (CLM3) simulations.
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Decker et al. (2006) studied this question.
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