The scanning tunneling microscope has been used to examine the geometric and electronic structure of the ZnO(0001̄) surface in ultrahigh-vacuum. Constant current images show that single crystal surfaces cleaned by vacuum annealing have numerous steps consisting mainly of (101̄0) and (112̄0) faces. Tunneling spectroscopy data demonstrate that spatially localized mid-gap electronic states are associated with these steps.
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Rohrer et al. (1991) studied this question.
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