The model which is proposed to increase the meaningfulness of standardized test scores includes the following steps: (a) a precise description of curriculum objectives and a specification of pupil achievement in reference to these objectives; (b) the coding of each item on a standardized test with reference to the curriculum, and (c) the assignment of two scores to each pupil, one reflecting his achievement on items that test content to which he has been exposed; the other his achievement on items that test content beyond his present status in the curriculum or not represented in the curriculum at all.
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Cox et al. (1970) studied this question.
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