Early Cancer Detection Biosensors: Present Situation and Future Outlooks

Advances in biosensors have propelled the field of intelligent medicine, leading to significant innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases, including cancer. In this context, biosensors have emerged as a promising tool for early cancer detection, offering faster, more sensitive, and more precise diagnostics. This review explores the progress in the field of electrochemical, optical, and nanotechnology-based biosensors, with a focus on detecting specific biomarkers for breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Additionally, it highlights the integration of new techniques and microfluidics, which enhance the sensitivity and specificity of these devices while facilitating predictive and multiplexed analyzes. This work consolidates recent developments in the field, identifies technical challenges, and proposes strategies that reinforce the use of biosensors as transformative solutions for early cancer detection, emphasizing their impact on improving clinical outcomes and global health.