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A light modulator based on an electro-optic phase modulation and an optical interference of Mach-Zehnder type has been demonstrated. The modulator is constructed monolithically with a branching ridged optical waveguide on TiO2-diffused LiNbO3. The half-wave voltage is 19 V and the extinction ratio is 34%.
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Ohmachi et al. (1975) studied this question.
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