The anthocyanin pigments in hulls of purple sunflower seeds were extracted using three solvent systems, 50:1:49 ethanol‐acetic acid‐water (EAW), 0.01M acetic acid (AAc), or water containing SO 2 . Solvent, extraction time, size of ground hulls, pH of extracting solvent, hulls/solvent ratio, and concentration of SO 2 in water, were investigated. All were significant factors affecting yield of extracted anthocyanins. EAW and SO 2 were more effective extractants than AAc. Optimum conditions from response surface optimization for the extraction with sulphurous water were: SO 2 at 200 mg/L, hull size 20 mesh, extraction time 5 min at 22°C, and solvent/hulls ratio = 20.
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Gao et al. (1996) studied this question.
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