Nanostructured Anatase Titania as a Cathode Catalyst for Li–CO₂ Batteries

Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO 2 ) batteries have garnered significant interest over the past 5 years as next-generation energy storage devices. In this article, we report a nanocomposite of anatase titania nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs), carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers as a freestanding gas diffusion cathode for Li–CO 2 batteries. Nanostructured anatase TiO 2 is demonstrated as a low-cost, easy-to-synthesize catalyst for CO 2 capture and utilization. With the developed composite electrode, we confirm the successful reversibility of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and evolution reaction at the cathode and demonstrate improved Li–CO 2 cell performance through a variety of materials and electrochemical characterization techniques.