Key result
Novel oral and inactivated polio vaccines target persistent wild and vaccine-derived poliovirus strains.
The ongoing emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus requires a shift toward more stable vaccines like nOPV2 and IPV to achieve global polio eradication.
species, and there are three wild PV serotypes: WPV1, WPV2 and WPV3. The launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 eradicated two of the three serotypes of WPV (WPV2 and WPV3). However, the endemic transmission of WPV1 persists in Afghanistan and Pakistan in 2022. There are cases of paralytic polio due to the loss of viral attenuation in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), known as vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Between January 2021 and May 2023, a total of 2141 circulating VDPV (cVDPV) cases were reported in 36 countries worldwide. Because of this risk, inactivated poliovirus (IPV) is being used more widely, and attenuated PV2 has been removed from OPV formulations to obtain bivalent OPV (containing only types 1 and 3). In order to avoid the reversion of attenuated OPV strains, the new OPV, which is more stable due to genome-wide modifications, as well as sabin IPV and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, is being developed and offers promising solutions for eradicating WP1 and VDPV.
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Mbani et al. (2023) conducted a review in Poliovirus infection (WPV and VDPV). Poliovirus vaccination strategies (OPV, IPV, nOPV2) was evaluated. Novel vaccination strategies, including modified stable oral poliovirus vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are actively being deployed to combat persistent wild poliovirus type 1 and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses.
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