Energy-related CO₂ emission forecast for Turkey and Europe and Eurasia

Purpose The global warming, caused by the anthropogenic greenhouse gases, has been one of the major worldwide issues over the last decades. Among them, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is the most important one and is responsible for more than the two-third of the greenhouse effect. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions and CO 2 emissions – the root cause of the global warming – in particular are being examined closely in the fields of science and they also have been put on the agenda of the political leaders. The purpose of this paper is to predict the energy-related CO 2 emissions through using different discrete grey models (DGMs) in Turkey and total Europe and Eurasia region. Design/methodology/approach The proposed DGMs will be applied to predict CO 2 emissions in Turkey and total Europe and Eurasia region from 2015 to 2030 using data set between 1965 and 2014. In the first stage of the study, DGMs without rolling mechanism (RM) will be used. In the second stage, DGMs with RM are constructed where the length of the rolling horizons of the respected models is optimised. Findings In the first stage, estimated values show that non-homogeneous DGM is the best method to predict Turkey’s energy-related CO 2 emissions whereas DGM is the best method to predict the energy-related CO 2 emissions for total Europe and Eurasia region. According to the results in the second stage, NDGM with RM ( k =26) is the best method for Turkey while optimised DGM with RM ( k =4) delivers most reliable estimates for total Europe and Eurasia region. Originality/value This study illustrates the effect of different DGM approaches on the estimation performance for the Turkish energy-related CO 2 emission data.