Protein Translocation into Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes, as well as the signals and the machinery that target proteins to this organelle, are conserved in most eukaryotic organisms. Different peroxisomal targeting signals (PTSs),1 acting in concert with specific PTS receptors, account for the specific accumulation of proteins in the peroxisomal matrix and membrane. This review focuses only on the signals, proteins, and mechanisms involved in peroxisomal protein import and peroxisome biogenesis, emphasizing features unique to this organelle.