Molecular characterization and epidemiological aspects of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from acute flaccid paralysis in Brazil: a historical series (2005–2017)

Figure 1.. Isolation of non-polio enterovirus and seasonal distribution from AFP cases in Brazil from 2005 to 2017. (A) Relative isolation from RD (red bars) or Hep2c (blue bars) cells. (B) Proportion of NPEV detection based on cell culture isolation and monthly distribution. (C) Annual distribution of NPEV isolates, according to EV species.

Figure 2.. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of Brazilian and global representative NPEV based on CVA2 (869 bp) (A), E6 (851 bp) (B) and CVA13 (707 bp) (C,D) VP1 sequences. Sequences were coloured according to the Brazilian geographical region and the main aminoacid substitutions are shown. Substitutions between aminoacid correspondent to the BC loop are indicated by an asterisk (*). The strains of this study are identified by the GenBank accession number (MT212610 to MT212635, E6 and CVA2 and MT271232 to MT 271239, CVA13). The Brazilian states were identified as Northeast (green: AL, Alagoas; PB, Paraíba, PE, Pernambuco; BA, Bahia; CE, Ceará; RN, Rio Grande do Norte), Southeast (blue: ES, Espírito Santo; MG, Minas Gerais; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, São Paulo), Midwest (light blue: DF, Distrito Federal; MT, Mato Grosso) and South (red: SC, Santa Catarina).

Figure 3.. Deduced amino acid sequences of 100 residues in the BC loop of CVA2 (A), E6 (B) and CVA13 (C) VP1 sequences. The BC loop is highlighted in box. Aminoacid numbering was determined according to respective prototype strains AY421760 (CVA2), AY302558 (E6) and AF499637 (CVA13).