Basic Biology and Response to Injury

This review of the basic biology of the meniscus and its biologic response to injury demonstrates that the menisci are an integral part of the complex biomechanics of the knee. Without the menisci, knee joint function is severely compromised. Lack of the menisci may lead to progressive degeneration of the chondral surfaces of the knees. Because the meniscus does not regenerate spontaneously and because injuries heal slowly or not at all, efforts must continue to find better methods and techniques to manage meniscus pathology. Improved therapy will help minimize the late instability of the joint, decrease pain associated with loss of the meniscus, minimize or prevent degenerative joint changes, and obviate the need for multiple surgical procedures. Specific targets should include improved methods of meniscectomy, new and better techniques of repair for meniscus tears, methods to enhance the cellular response for healing of meniscus tissue, and finally, new ways to regenerate or regrow lost or damaged meniscus tissue.