The Maternal Mortality Collaborative, a Special Interest Group of ACOG, established voluntary surveillance of maternal deaths in 1983 to improve detection of maternal deaths, collect and analyze information, and make the results available for physician education. Collaborators from 19 areas submitted data on a standard worksheet that included death certificate data. From a review of each work sheet, a cause of death was assigned (ICD-9) and deaths were classed as maternal or nonmaternal. Subject ages were grouped by 5 year intervals, races as white, black or others, and maternal mortality ratios were calculated (deaths per 100,000 live births).
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Rochat et al. (1989) studied this question.