By using a semiconductor/metal grating formed on the episide of a quantum-cascade structure, distributed feedback lasing has been achieved with beam emission through the substrate. Using short-pulse excitation (100ns, 16kHz), single-longitudinal-mode operation near 5.1μm is demonstrated over wide ranges in heatsink temperature and drive current. The beam divergence in the longitudinal direction at a distance 40cm away from the 2.5mm wide aperture is ∼0.5°.
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Lyakh et al. (2007) studied this question.
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