Molecular gas in polar-ring galaxies

We present CO J=1→0 observations (λ=2.6 mm) of 10 polar-ring galaxies, chosen from the Polar Ring Catalogue; we infer masses of H2 ranging from 7 × 107 to 2 × 1010 M⊒, with an average of about 1 × 109 M⊒. These H2 masses are greater than the average molecular mass of an early-type galaxy; we previously found similar results for a sample of minor-axis dust-lane ellipticals. In the cases where we can estimate the gas mass in the polar ring, including the H i masses from literature, they are high enough to allow self-gravitation to stabilize the rings. This means that the ages of the rings may be ≥ 1 Gyr. Indeed, the gas masses are often greater than those of most dwarf galaxies: this would make it unlikely that the polar rings result from the recent accretion of a single gas-rich dwarf. A survey of the fields around our sample galaxies shows in all but one case the presence of at least one companion with either a similar redshift or similar blue magnitude; these companions are close enough to have encountered the polar-ring galaxy in < 1 Gyr. The companion galaxies may be the source of the detected gas, through tidal stripping.