Thin-film homogeneous refracting lenses have been designed and evaluated using both ray-tracing and the Huygens-Fresnel construction. Single-element lenses are shown to be unsatisfactory. Large-aperture, multielement lenses with circular or acircular boundaries are capable of near-diffraction-limited performance over field angles of several degrees.
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Laybourn et al. (1988) studied this question.
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