Observation of χ ⁽³⁾ -nonlinear optical effects in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-active CsLa(WO ₄ ) ₂ crystals: high-order Stokes and anti-Stokes generation and self-Raman CsLa(WO ₄ ) ₂ :Nd ³⁺ laser converter

Tetragonal tungstate CsLa(WO 4 ) 2 :Nd 3+ was found to be an attractive multifunctional simultaneously Nd 3+ -laser and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-active crystal. A multitude of Stokes and anti-Stokes components is generated in the visible and near-infrared spectral region producing frequency combs with widths of ~8600 cm −1 and ~9560 cm −1 under pumping at 0.532 07 µ m and 1.064 15 µ m wavelengths, respectively. All registered nonlinear emission lines are identified and attributed to a single SRS-promoting vibration ν s (WO 4 ) mode with energy of ω SRS ~956 cm −1 . Moreover, a passively Q-switched LD-pumped nanosecond self-Raman CsLa(WO 4 ) 2 :Nd 3+ laser is reported. An overview of Ln 3+ -doped tungstate self-Raman lasers is given as well.