Scientific and methodological aspects of assessment, forecasting and risk management for the health of workers (literature review)

An urgent task in modern conditions is to improve the existing models of occupational risk assessment to ensure the safety and health of employees, obtain and analyze objective information sufficient to develop scientifically sound management decisions on the prevention of occupational and general morbidity, reduce labour loss and preserve labour longevity. The review provides information on domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment, their improvement to ensure the safety and health of employees. Various models of occupational risk assessment are analyzed, both quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative methods of assessing occupational risk that causes the risk for employee health disorders associated with exposure to chemicals, dust factor, noise, and vibration. Methodological principles of various models of occupational risk assessment differ in approaches to assessment of hazard and impact. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment are established. This requires the development of a single unified methodology (procedure) for assessing and managing occupational risks, criteria for assessing occupational health risks of an individual and cohort (group, collective) nature. The ideas and evidence discussed in this review indicate that scientific research and professional practice on occupational risk assessment in occupational should develop towards a more holistic, health-oriented model of occupational risk assessment and management. When preparing the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.