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A conformal self-balanced asymmetric two-arm GPS antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed at GPS L1 frequency band of 1.575 GHz. The antenna is designed on a windshield substrate, and the two arms of the antenna are truncated asymmetrically to achieve circular polarization. The antenna is fabricated by sputtering and electroplating. Furthermore, full wave simulations and measurements are performed to justify that the proposed antenna operates efficiently when conformed to the windshield of an automobile. VSWR of 1.065 and an axial ratio of 1.81 dB at 1.575GHz are obtained.
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Balakrishnan et al. (2019) studied this question.
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