IT is well known that the diagnosis of back pain is difficult and that the results of treatment, particularly in industrial practice, are not entirely satisfactory. Among the reasons commonly given for these diagnostic and therapeutic failures is the presence of psychogenic factors. The phrases "functional overlay" and "neurotic symptoms" are frequently and loosely used, on the basis of clinical impressions rather than carefully evaluated observations.A few psychiatric studies of such patients have been presented,1 2 3 4 5 and some of the clinical characteristics have been described. The present study was undertaken in the hope that we could cast further light on . . .
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Brown et al. (1954) studied this question.
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