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Abstract—The resonant frequency of a microstrip patch (rectangular, square, and circular) changes as soon as an identical patch is brought closer than 0.2λ. Closed form expressions are presented for the E-plane coupled configuration from which this altered resonant frequency may be easily computed. These expressions may be readily used in the computer aided design of microstrip antenna arrays. 1.
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Ray et al. (2008) studied this question.
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