The relativistic wave–particle resonance condition imposes a harmonic-overlap constraint on electron-cyclotron current drive. Specifically, for fundamental cyclotron resonance the current-drive efficiency cannot be increased by raising the minimum resonant energy ε1 above about 115 keV. A limiting efficiency corresponding to an even lower ε1 follows for microwave beams with realistic width and angular divergence.
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Smith et al. (1987) studied this question.
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