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Elastic constants are derived for composites consisting of fibres imperfectly aligned in an elastic matrix. The reduction in the axial Young's modulus is found as a function of angular fibre scatter for various values of fibre-matrix modulus ratio and fibre volume fraction. Applying this to resins reinforced with well-aligned whiskers it is concluded that the modulus reduction is of the order of 4% with respect to the perfectly aligned system. Similar analyses are given for fibre arrays approaching a planar random mat and for arrays without axial symmetry.
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J. W. Cook (1968) studied this question.
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